Acid fast bacteria appear read and non-acid fast bacteria appear blue. The acid fast stain is used to distinguish acid fast bacteria (reveals the cell wall structure of certain types of bacteria beyond Gram-positive and Gram-negative). The acid fast stain uses the following dyes: basic fuchsin and methylene blue. The Gram stain distinguishes cells by cell wall type (Gram-positive or Gram negative). The Gram stain uses the following dyes/reagents: crystal violet, Gram's iodine, ethanol, and safranin. Table 1: Summary of some common differential stains used in microbiology. Some examples of differential stains are the Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain. Differential stains use more than one stain, and cells of different bacterial species can have different appearances based on their chemical or structural properties. Microbiologists commonly perform differential stains, as this allows them to gather additional information about the bacteria they are working with. Troubleshoot unsuccessful Gram stains and explain how errors might be fixed.Name each stain/reagent of the Gram stain and explain its function and how it will interacts with Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls during the Gram stain procedure.Successfully conduct a Gram stain and differentiate cells as Gram-positive and Gram-negative.Identify structures of Gram-positive cell walls and Gram-negative cell walls in diagrams models of cell walls.Describe the structure of the cell walls of Gram-negative cells.Describe the structure of the cell walls of Gram-positive cells.Examine Gram-stained cells and interpret whether the cells are Gram-positive or Gram-negative.Tell what the Gram stain tells us about different species of bacteria.Identify the Gram stain as a type of differential stain.Define "differential stain" and contrast with "simple stain.".Explain the importance of Gram stains in health care and microbiology.
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